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Since HIV integrates with the DNA, eliminating the virus from the body is very difficult, explains David Montefiori, PhD, director of the Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine Research and Development at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. The failure of several late-stage trials highlights the challenging nature of HIV vaccine development.
The Burnaby, BC-based company developed the oral DNA-based vaccine using its proprietary bacTRL Gene Therapy Platform, which uses genetically modified bifidobacteria as carriers of genetic vaccine elements on a DNA plasmid. Related: Red Meat Allergy Test Gets FDA Clearance. “We
The Indian company informed that the DNA vaccine was well tolerated in the first stage of the adaptive phase 1/2 trial. ZyCoV-D is designed to introduce DNA that encodes for a viral protein into human cells. By ordering human cells to make the protein, ZyCoV-D could cause an immuneresponse against the coronavirus.
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Dr. Stanley Plotkin , Professor Emeritus at The Wistar Institute, said, “INOVIO’s DNA vaccine appeared to be quite safe with few significant reactions but yet induced both antibody and T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2.”
About INOVIO’s DNA Medicines Platform.
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The noteworthy candidate, EBT-101, is designed to eliminate HIV proviral DNA using CRISPR-Cas9 along with two guide RNAs (gRNAs). These dual gRNAs target three specific sites within the HIV genome, facilitating the removal of substantial portions of the viral DNA and minimizing the potential for viral escape.
At a basic level, the virus’s protein ‘coat’ and the enzymes it uses to gain control of the host cell’s DNA mutate frequently, making it difficult to target with therapeutics. The reason there has been, as yet, no effective cure for the condition is due to the complexity of the virus and the way in which it is activated within the body.
Led by the National Institutes of Health’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), World AIDS Vaccine Day emphasizes the importance of awareness and education in the fight against HIV/AIDS. It’s a day to celebrate the scientific strides made towards a vaccine and to remember the work that still lies ahead.
These companies include Moderna, a US biotech company which has formed a partnership with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Oxford University who has partnered with AstraZeneca, and Johnson & Johnson, Merck and Pfizer. China’s COVID-19 Vaccine: Sinovac Biotech and CanSino Biologics.
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